History of Azerbaijan

Historical archaeological and paleontological materials belong to people who settle in the territory of Azerbaijan. They are: the cave Azykh, Taghlar, Damjili, Dashsalakhly, Qazma caves as an example. This is One of the most important monuments of Azerbaijan belonging to the middle Stone Age (Mesolithic). This is historical archaeological complex Gobustan is 56 km away from Baku. Taking into consideration the above the territory of Azerbaijan including into the map of the most ancient inhabitants of Europe. Ancient history The people of Azerbaijan, who have historical roots in the territory of ancient Azerbaijan have valuable culture, the traditions of powerful state. By saying Azerbaijan’s territory, the current Azerbaijan Republic, the territory of the Republic of Armenia. As well as the north-western part of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Because the Azerbaijanis have historically live in these areas. But then the political games around the world, thanks to the aggressive policy, the expense of other ethnic groups this territory became smaller and maintains its presence in the modern era officially as the Republic of Azerbaijan. BC first state structures in Azerbaijan in the 3rd millennium BC, but the first state was the state of Manna in IX century BC.During the march of Alexander the Great to the east, the south and the north part of Azerbaijan under the authority of the military leader Atropat. After the death of Alexander the Great Atropat became fully independent and established the state of Atropatena. Later, this name as Adrobaqena, Adirbiqan, Azirbiqan and finally Azerbaijan. Ancient history After the death of the last ruler of 20-s of our era Atropatena into the state Parthia. In the northern lands of Azerbaijan an independent state of Albania was created in the III century BC. The current territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the sothern regions of Daghistan, the west parts of Georgia into this state. During the reign of the Roman Emperor Domitian (81-96), Rome’s small military detachment in the territory of Azerbaijan for exploration. Their arrival is in the inscriptions on the rocks of ancient historical monuments of Gobustan. The monument is currently included into the list of monuments visited by tourists.

The Turkish language an important means of communication, the ethnic minorities have begun to use it as a means of communication between them. Some of the Turks believed in God, but the majority had faith in the fire-worship. Albanian state, which was the subject of Sassanid state partly during certain periods. But which its own independent policy in the seventh century. To protect important facilities of the country from enemies in Albania. In the coast of the river Alazan Torpaggala, in Agdam Govurgala, Javanshir castle in Ismayilli region. The south Lands of Azerbaijan and the north of the Islamic Republic of Iran completely part of the Sassanid state. During this period, though the religion of Zoroastrianism in the territory of Azerbaijan. Christianity to spread from the fourth century. As an example Ateshgah in Baku among the monuments of that period. The word Ateshgah means a place for people who worship the fire”. Azerbaijani Turkish people to form as a nation in the modern territories of Azerbaijan cover these periods. So, our people to form the basis of Oguz group of Turks. With the start of the Arab conquests in the first half of the seventh century. the territory of Azerbaijan was incorporated into the Arab Caliphate. Our people religion of Islam. State of Shirvan in 861 and an important role in the life of near, Middle East and Azerbaijan till 1538. During the march toward western lands and the Ottoman Empire by Tamerlan, State of Shirvan. Beside, Azerbaijan’s territories under the influence of Seljuk Turks in the second half of the eleventh century, but after the weakening of the Seljuk Turks, Azerbaijan Atabeys state in the western and southern areas of the state of Azerbaijan. At various times, the capital of that state, was Ganja, Tabriz and Nakhchivan. The area of this country the north territories of the Republic of Iraq. With the arrival of Seljuks to Azerbaijan territory, the formation process of modern Azerbaijani people. Among the historical monuments of that period as example Baku, Shirvanshahlar Palace, Maiden Tower, Mardakan fortresses, Khudaferin Bridge and others. The period after 1501 years of Azerbaijan history is closely linked to the establishment, development and decline of Azerbaijani Safavid state. Azerbaijani Safavid state has special role in the formation of the territory of modern Azerbaijan Republic. So, the territory by Safavi in the east to the borders of Afghanistan, in the west Turkey and in the south to Iran Gulf, the North Caucasian stretched. Azerbaijani language was the official language of the Safavids. Among the architectural monuments of this period as example the mausoleum of Sheikh Junaid in Hazra village of Gusar region in 1544, and Baku’s East gates. Besides, as an example Ateshgah in Baku embodying the fire worship of Azerbaijanis before Islam and built by the Indian travelers. After the collapse period of Safavis state, the northern and southern territories of Azerbaijan into independent khans.

Modern history The modern history of Azerbaijan covers the period from the end of the XVIIIth century till the present day. During this period, in the northern and southern lands of Azerbaijan independent khans. Later, the southern khans of Azerbaijan under the authority of the state by Turkish-Azeri dynasty of Kajars. With the strengthening of Tsarist Russia bloody between the Kajars and Russia. With Gulistan agreement in 1813 and Turkmenchay agreement in 1828, the northern areas of Azerbaijan, the occupation of current territories of Azerbaijan by Russia. But the southern Azerbaijani territories remaine under the authority of the Qajars, and later into the territory of modern Iran.